Gas-burner



C. C. CHAPPELLE.

GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11.!918.

1,353,217, PatentedSept. 21,1920.

mg: 1 W z I I a 4 l l M l 5 i INVEN TOR.

Y W) v ATTORNE UNITED (STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES C. CHAPPELLE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GAS-BURNER.

7 T allwhom it may concern -such mannerthat drafts or Be it known that I, CH'ARLEs C. CHAP- .PELLE, a citizen of the United States, resid- 111g at New 1 ork city, in the county of New -York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates broadly to gas burners and more particularly to a gas l11{I'I181 for furnishing a pilot light or the The principal object of the present invention is to produce a gas burner for burning a small round flame or pencil flame, and wherein the burner is so onstructed that the gases producing the flame are protected to prevent the flame from being blown out.

A still further object of the present invention is a gas burner of the character specified wherein a stream of gas is directed through a minute opening which is surrounded by inlets for air in such manner that the stream of gas is projected through an envelop of air drawn with the stream of gas due to the velocity of the gas stream.

A still further object of the present inven tion is a gas burner as specified wherein the air inlets are arranged around the base of a cylindrical shield and with a second shield arranged aroundthe air openings whereby a pair of concentric shields are provided.

More specifically one object of the present invention is a pilot light as stated, wherein a minute stream of gas is projected through a cylindrical sleeve inclosing an envelop of air and with an air pocket arranged adjacent the supply for the said air envelop in gusts ofv wind cannot extinguish the flame.

A still further and more specific object of the present invention is a gas burner as specified wherein the burner tip is constructed to project a minute stream of gas through a hollow cylinder provided with.

openings in the base thereof adjacentthe exit for the gas and wherein these openings in the cylinder lead to an annular pocket surrounding the burner tip in such manner as to prevent drafts or gusts of air from flowing past the base of the burner tip and to maintain the air pressure within the burner tip and around the base of the burner tipat substantially the same pressure.

Other and further objects of this invention will in part be obvious and will in part Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept 21, i920 Application filed July ll, 1918. Serial No. 244,375.

be pointed out hereinafter in the specification following by reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like parts are designated by like characters throughout the several figures thereof.

Figure l is a sectional view showing the burner mounted on the end of a suitable gas pp y pip 'Fig. 2 is a detail view showing a portion of the burner in section and diagrammatically illustrating the eifect of a blast of air blowing directly into the tip.

Fig. 3 is a more or less diagrammatic view illustrating the burner operating as a pilot light for lighting the burners in an automatic gas water heater.

-Burner tips for producing pencil gas flames are old in the art and are adapted for use where a small auxiliary gas flame is desired or where heat is intended to be applied locally; such as pilot lights, cigar lighters,

have heretofore in the art been produced by projecting a small gas flame into atmos phere. For certain types of combustible gases, for example, acetylene, burner tips have been provided wherein the gas is projected through a short pocket provided with openings to lead air around the stream of gas. buch burners are specially for use in protected places such as lamps for automobiles or the like, and are issue at a low pressure and therefore, such 'li' hts are liable to beextinguished by drafts.

he extinguishing of a pilot light usually is more or less serious because the object of the pilot lights is to insure igniting a main burner which normally is not in operation. One common use for pilot lights is in the burner chamber for automatic gas water heaters wherein when Water is turned on at a service tap a large flow of gas is admitted toheating burners which are adapted to be ignited by a pilot flame. In all cases such lgnition is substantially an explosion for the reason that the burners and the burner chamber normally 1s full of air and when adapted more.

i or welding flames and the like. Such flames the flow of gas comes on it produces an explosive mixture which ignites when it reaches the pilot flame. The burner chamber is usually more or less inclosed and the exploescaping into the room may be ignited by, a

spark from an electric bell or some other agency and a serious explosion results.

is neutralized.

The present invention is so constructed that the pilot light flame cannot be blown out by such explosions as have been described since the velocity of the air moving past the burner tip is transformed into pressure adjacent andaround the out flowin stream of gas insuch manner that the blast Referring now to the drawing and more especially to Fig. 1, the burner tip A comprises a protecting shield 1 which preferably is conical on the exterior and cylindrical on i the interior to form a straight walled cup. A plurality of air inlet openings 2 are provided adjacent the base of the shield 1 and which have their axes inclined toward the gas orifice 3, in such manner as to intersect the axis of the gas orifice within the cup formed by the shield 1. While various sized orifices may be used I prefer that the diameter thereof shall be approximately thirteen one-thousandths of an inch, which is so small that the amount of illuminating gas normally passing therethrough will not op erate the ordinary consumerls gas meter. Another and an important reason for choosing the above diameter for the orifice is the fact that practice and experiment has shown that under normal consumers gas pressure an orifice of this sizeigives a proper flame for a pilot light without throttlin down the pressure by a choke valve. Furt iermore it has been found that the gas friction on the side Walls of an orifice of this size increases at a rate that is greater than the proportionate increase in gas pressure, after the pressure is increased above the'normal pressure specified. Therefore such an orifice produces a substantially constant .flame under conditions where the ordinary pilot flame would vary greatly. The base of the tip is screw-threaded as at 4 and fits into a tapped opening in the main shield B. This main shield B is provided with an inclined wall 5 thatextends around the burner tip in such. manner as to provide an annular space 6 cup in the shield B is conical,

around the base'of the burner tip. This main shield B is also screw threaded and adapted to fit on the end of a suitable gas pipe/7. A conical screen 8 is provided with a rim 9 adapted to be clamped between the gas pipe 7 and the main shield B with the tip of the screen extending into the gas pipe. The meshes of this screen8 are of less diameter than the diameter of the gas orifice 3 so that no dust particle will pass through the screen that will not pass out through the orifice, therefore there is no danger of the orifice being clogged. The screen may be very easily cleaned whereas if the orifice were permitted to clog and be cleaned there is liabilityof the opening being enlarged or of. the tip being broken. Preferably a lock nut 10 clamps a gasket washer ll-tightly against the base of the main shield B thereby providing a gas tight joint. lVhile various materials may be used in the making of this gas burner I prefer the tip A and the main shield B shall be constructed of steatite, lava, or the like.

In Fig. 3 the device is shown as being used for pilot light for the burners of an,

automatic water heater wherein the burners 12-are located within the burner chamber 13 beneath the water coils 15 and are supplied through the gas main or pipe 16 which is controlled by an automatic valve 17 as is common in the art. The chemical combination of oxygen of .the air and hydrogen of the gas when the main burners are in operation produces a considerable amount of water, which condenses on the cold Water coils and falls into the burner chamber as rain. The main shield B thoroughly protects the burner tip A from this rain which might otherwise carry particles, rust. etc., into the burner tip and clog-the same.

F ig. 2 illustrates the effect of a draft or explosive air wave when driven into the end of the burner and wherein the arrows C indicate the blast of air or wind. It is obvious that such blast cannot flow' past the burner tip A butis collected within the annular space 6 between the main shield B and the tip A in such manner that the pressure I in this annular space 6 is equalized with the pressure within the cup of the shield 1,so

that there can be no violent rush of air through the openings 2 counterto the gas stream, to extinguish the flame. It will be noted the cup in the shield 1 of the tip A is cylindrical or straight walled, while the diminishing toward the base'of the cup. When a gust of wind or an air wave due to gas explosion is driven into this burner there is a tendency of a higher pressureto form in the space 6, due to the converging walls of the cup in the shield B. than the pressure in the cylindrical walled cup in A. The'next tendency is to equalize the pressure by the air flowing from the cup in B to the cup in A through the air ports 2, with the flow in the same direction as the gas flow. Because of these facts the flame cannot be blown out by gusts or drafts or air. Another and important effect of the shield 1 of the burner tip is to heat and direct the air coming in contact with the stream of gas D in such manner that the greatest zone of heat of the flame is directly in line with the flame itself and not above or at one side of the flame. This fact renders the present tip especially adaptable to cigar lighters, welding, etc., where the heat is to be directed on a definite spot.

Since the present invention might be carried out in structures other than that specifically disclosed herewith I desire it to be understood that the specific constructions described and shown are to be understood as illustrative and not to be taken in the limiting sense.

I claim: 7 1. A gas burner comprising a burner tip provided with a minute gas orifice, a shield extending beyond said gas orifice and comprising a small cylindrical walled cup through which the gas from said gas orifice issues, said tip being provided with air inlet openings adjacent the said shield, and a main shield surrounding the base of said tip to comprise a large cup surrounding the base of said tip, the walls of said large cup being tapered inwardly in such manner that there is a tendency for gusts of wind to create a pressure in this cup in excess to pressure in ,the small cup whereby the flame is prevented from being extinguished.

2. A gas burner comprising a burner tip provided with a gas orifice, a shield surrounding said orifice extending outwardly therefrom, said burner tip being provided with air inlet openings adjacent the base of said shield, the exterior of said shield comprising the frustum of a-cone, and the under portion of said tip being cut away, in combination with a conical walled cup surrounding the base of said burner tip and a portion of the conical part of said tip whereby an annular chamber is formed adjacent to said air inlet openings to provide a reservoir from which air is supplied to the gas stream projected through the first mentioned shield.

As an article of manufacture a gas burner comprising in combination a burner tip having a single minute. orifice, a cup extending outwardly from said orifice and through which the gas from said orifice is adapted to be projected, air inlet openings in the bottom of said cup and adjacent said orifice with the axes of said inlet openings inclined toward the axis of said orifice, in combination with an inclined walled cup member surrounding the base of said tip and protecting said air inlet openings in thgou1gh such manner that gusts of aif are pocketed adjacent the said air inlet openings and the velocity of said gusts is reduced to pressure substantially as specified.

4. In a gas burner the combination of a burner tip provided with a minute gas orifice, said burner tip being provided with a substantially cylindrical cup the axis of which is substantially the same as the axis of the orifice, said-tip being provided with air openings the axisof which are inclined toward the axis of said orifice whereby air drawn through said openings moves toward said orifice, and a shield around the base of said tip to protect the said air inlet openings.

5. A gas burner comprising a burner tip being provided with a minute orifice, a shield extending from said orifice and comprising a small cylindrical cup through which gas from said orifice is directed, said burner tip being provided with air inlet openings adjacent said orifice, and an inclined walled cup surrounding the base of said burner tip.

6. A gas burner comprising in combination a burner tip, a shield surrounding said burner tip, said burner. tip being provided burner tip and protecting said air openings from lateral air currents, and a compression cup effective. to accelerate the discharge said openings.

11 a gas burner the combination of a burner tip comprising a body portion, a cup shaped shield extending forwardly from saidbody portion, said tip being; provided with-forwardly directed air inlet channels extending into the base of said cup and opening ahead of the tip orifice, and an annular shield surrounding and protecting said openings.

8. A gas burner comprising aburner tip provided with an orifice located on the axis thereof, a shield surrounding and extending forwardly beyond said orifice and open at its forward extremity, and a compression cup associated with said shield and having a a front opening, the area of which is greater than the area of the shield opening, there being channels affording access from the compression cup to the interior of the shield at the rear portion of the latter.

9. A gas burner comprising a burner tip provided with a forwardly directed orifice, a shield surrounding said orifice and extend ing forward'lyth'erefrom, and a cup encircling the shield and having a front opening of greater area than the front opening of the shield, there being provided a plurality of forwardly directed air inlet openings afiording communication between the interior of the cup and the interior'of the shield and terminating ahead of the orifice to surround the stream of gas from the orivminute gas orifice in its bottom and a mouth in front of the orifice through which the gas from said orifice is projected, a screen behind the orifice through which the gas is fed to the orifice, forwardly directed openings through the side of the cup in front of the orifice, and means for directing air currents through said openings.

11. A gas burner comprising a burner tip provided with a gas dischargeorifice,,an inner shield surrounding and extending forwardly from said orifice, there being passages to introduce air into' said shield adjacent said orlfice, in combmation with an outer shield encircling the portion of the burner containing said passages, and pro".

viding a cavity between the inner and outer shields;-said cavity decreasin in cross-sectional area from the front orifice thereof. CHARLES C. CHAPPELLE 

